Land Stewardship Project

Land Stewardship Project
  • About Us
    • Our Mission
    • Long Range Plan
    • Staff Directory
    • Board of Directors
      • LSP Board Committees
    • LSP Steering Committees & Working Groups
    • Contact Us
    • Past LSP Projects
    • Employment & Volunteer Opportunities
    • LSP Publications
    • Financial Statements
  • The Latest
    • Community Care
    • Songs for the Soil
    • CSA Farm Directory
    • Upcoming Events
    • News
      • News Releases
      • Media Contacts
      • LSP in the News
    • Blog
    • Podcast
    • Land Stewardship Letter
    • LIVE-WIRE Sign-up
    • Myth Busters
    • Fact Sheets
    • Farm Crisis Resources
  • For Farmers & Landowners
    • Farmland Clearinghouse
    • New Farmers
      • Farm Beginnings Class
      • Journeyperson Course
      • Farm Dreams
      • Accessing Farmland
      • Farmland Clearinghouse
      • Beginning/Retiring Farmer Tax Credit
      • Beginning Farmer Profiles
      • Fresh Voices Podcast Series
    • Retiring Farmers & Landowners
      • Farmland Clearinghouse
      • Farm Transition Planning Course
      • Conservation Leases
      • Beginning/Retiring Farmer Tax Credit
      • Land Transition Tools
      • Transition Stories
    • Soil Health
      • Cover Crops
      • Grazing
      • No-till
      • Microbiology
      • Soil Builders’ Network
      • Soil Builders’ E-Letters
      • Soil Health Steering Committee Members
      • Ear Dirt Soil Health Podcast Series
    • Cropping Systems Calculator
    • Conservation Leases
  • Creating Change
    • Community-Based Food Systems
      • Ear Bites Community-Based Food Podcast Series
    • Policy Campaigns
      • Soil Health & Climate Change
      • Healthcare
      • Factory Farms
        • Anti-Competitiveness & Price Gouging
        • LSP Powerline Story Center
      • Federal Policy
        • A Farm Bill For Us
      • State Policy
        • MN Farm, Food & Climate Funding
      • Developing Leadership
    • Justice & Stewardship
    • Organizational Stewardship
  • Get Involved
    • Your Membership Matters
    • Take Action!
    • Upcoming Events
    • Land Stewardship Action Fund
    • Connect with LSP
      • Stay Connected
      • Join, Donate, or Renew Today!
      • Shop
      • Employment & Volunteer Opportunities
      • Legacy Giving
    • Network with LSP Members
      • Farmland Clearinghouse
      • Soil Health
    • Farmland Clearinghouse
  • Join, Donate, or Renew Today!
  • Stay Connected
  • Contact Us
  • Shop
Search
More...

Small, Complex & Focused

Not Doing Everything Makes Minding the Little Things Even More Crucial

By Brian DeVore
May 23, 2022

Share

  • Facebook
  • Pinterest
  • email

Smaller doesn’t always mean simpler. Consider Cella Langer and Emmet Fisher’s foray into being a Grade A micro-dairy — one that produces, processes, packages, markets, and sells pasteurized milk and yogurt. In a state that has lost 40,000 dairy farms in the past four decades, they are a tiny push in the opposite direction. How tiny? This year, Langer and Fisher are milking three Ayrshire cows on a seasonal basis in a small parlor on their 35-acre farm in western Wisconsin’s Pierce County. Their bulk tank could fit into a walk-in closet, and the creamery is designed to handle 50 gallons of milk a week; a typical 100-cow dairy can churn out roughly 4,900 gallons of milk weekly.

But when it comes to marketing milk and yogurt straight off the farm, complexities remain, whether it involves three cows, or 3,000. Langer and Fisher’s Oxheart Farm even has a milk haulers license, even though the distance between the cows and the processing plant is measured in footsteps, not road miles.

“I need to learn to drive a truck,” Langer says with a laugh while sitting in the March sun near the processing plant and milking parlor.

It hasn’t only been the milking enterprise that has made for some complications. Besides the dairy, this farm is now home to a 75-member vegetable CSA as well as a direct marketing egg and meat business.

During the past five years, Langer and Fisher have been able to cut through the complexity thanks to the business planning and goal setting foundation they received through the Land Stewardship Project’s Farm Beginnings and Journeyperson courses. Do the farmers, who are in their early 30s, have plans to add more enterprises?

“No,” Langer says without hesitation. “I think Farm Beginnings was the first place we realized we literally couldn’t do everything.”

A Whole Picture Approach

The couple could be forgiven for taking on a bushel basket of enterprises. After graduating with environmental education degrees from North Carolina’s Warren Wilson College, they set out to gain as much hands-on farming experience as possible, and during that time they saw how small operations were making a living utilizing a variety of enterprises, including vegetable and dairy production. Both had a good base to work from: Langer grew up on a farmstead where her mother grew a big garden, milked goats, kept chickens, and raised fruit. Fisher’s parents own and operate A-Z Produce and Bakery, a vegetable CSA in Stockholm, Wis. Besides raising vegetables, A-Z has a “pizza night” where the food served is made from numerous ingredients produced right on the farm, including the flour and meat.

While working on farms on the East Coast and in the Midwest, Langer and Fisher became enamored of the idea of providing eaters a “whole diet CSA” experience. That sparked their interest in producing not just vegetables for subscribers, but products like milk, meat, and eggs.

“ ‘Whoa — what if we grew everything on the farm?’ ” Langer recalls thinking when they started seriously considering farming as a career. “It was tempting,” adds Fisher.

Cella Langer and Emmet Fisher on their farm in western Wisconsin.

 

Fortunately, during the winter of 2012-2013, the young couple took LSP’s Farm Beginnings course, which was being offered in Roberts, Wis. Farm Beginnings is a 12-month training session that helps students clarify their goals and strengths, establish a strong enterprise plan, and start building their operation. The course uses a mix of farmer-led classroom sessions, on-farm tours, and an extensive farmer network.

During their time in Farm Beginnings, as well as the follow-up course, Journeyperson, Langer and Fisher learned not only how to manage their financials better, but how to set up a five-year plan of where they wanted to be and how they were going to get there. That planning allowed them to take into consideration the importance of attaining a good work-life balance and the role sustainable goal-setting plays in that.

“Five years sounded like such a long time when we were 22, you know?” says Fisher, adding that their own timeline eventually included goals that covered not only financial and production milestones, but family life desires.

“If we quit farming and went into another career, I’d say 80% of it is very helpful in another line of work,” he says of the Farm Beginnings training. “And half of the Journeyperson course is like marital counseling. It’s life skills.”

The Journeyperson course, which is for farmers who have a few years of experience under their belt, emphasizes the use of Holistic Management, which focuses on “big picture” decision-making and goal setting processes. Holistic Management helps farmers work on achieving a “triple bottom line” of sustainable economic, environmental, and social benefits. In a Holistic Management system, a farmer’s quality of life is put on the same level as the health of the soil or the operation’s economic viability. Holistic Management relies on constantly monitoring whether a particular enterprise or use of a tool on the farm is helping meet long-term overall goals, or is a distraction.

That’s why Fisher and Langer spend each winter combing through their enterprises, pinpointing weak links, and looking for ways to make them more viable from a financial, family, and environmental standpoint. For example, the couple recently decided to take a break from producing pasture-raised pork for direct sale as their family obligations grew; they have a 3-year-old, Hugo, and in January, Otis was born.

When the young farmers went looking for land, they knew enough from past experience that they needed access to consistent markets as well as some infrastructure. The 35 acres, which is mostly planted to pine trees (a former owner had plans to access the wood market), is a few minutes’ drive from Red Wing, Minn., as well as other markets. As far as infrastructure, it doesn’t have as many outbuildings as they’d like. Besides a house, it has a garage, which was re-purposed into the creamery. Langer and Fisher have added three high tunnels for the vegetables.

They used a USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA) Beginning Farmer Loan to finance the purchase of the farm. The FSA process can be lengthy, and in fact, deals on four other farms they attempted to purchase fell through as a result of the drawn out FSA loan period. The farm Oxheart landed on was the result of a long-term relationship developed with the owners, who were willing to not put the land on the market and wait for financing to come through for the young couple.

“They sort of courted us for the summer,” recalls Langer. “They basically said, ‘We’ll wait for you until you’re ready.’ ”

‘Questions for Francis’

While enrolled in Farm Beginnings and Journeyperson, Emmet and Cella learned the value of networking with established farmers who were carrying out the kind of enterprises they wanted to pursue. Through the MOSES (Midwest Organic and Sustainable Education Service) Farmer-to-Farmer Mentorship Program, they were able to connect with different established farmers and tap them for knowledge. The MOSES program pays the established farmers to be available to field questions from beginners like Emmet and Cella.

Through Journeyperson and MOSES, the couple connected with vegetable producers Kat Becker and Tony Schultz, in north-central Wisconsin. Through that connection, they learned of a micro-dairy in the area that was similar to what they were aspiring to. They were also able to rely on input from other farmers — including Farm Beginnings grads, in the western Wisconsin region.

But when it came time to actually launch the dairy, Langer and Fisher reached a point where the questions were so specific that they needed to find somebody who was doing specifically Grade A on-farm processing of grass-based milk that was being marketed in a relatively rural area.

It cost them around $50,000 to convert the garage into a pasteurization and bottling plant. Some of the equipment they needed was used, but because of their size, much of it was of a specialty type that had to be purchased new. There were endless issues to deal with, down to what kind of containers to market their product in.

“We wanted to do yogurt in glass, but there is no glass container and not only that there’s only one printed plastic container in the U.S. All those yogurt containers by all the different brands are manufactured by one company and they have a 10,000-unit minimum,” says Fisher. “That’s just one example of things like that — there’s a million things.”

One of the MOSES mentors they relied heavily on was Francis Thicke, who operates Radiance Dairy, a small Grade A milking operation and bottling plant in Fairfield, Iowa. Thicke was able to guide them through some of the million little details required to legally and safely produce dairy products on-farm. The Iowa farmer was on Oxheart’s speed dial, and at one point, they had a notebook page titled “Questions for Francis.”

“I’d carry it around with me and whenever something came up I’d write it down and then when we’d have our phone call to check in — I’d just run down the list with him,” says Langer. “Being able to do that without feeling burdensome to somebody was very important.”

Learning the proper way to do drug residue screening was particularly tricky, she recalls; one of the requirements is that Oxheart has its own drug residue screening laboratory.

“We definitely want to do everything by the books,” Langer says. “We want to do it so it’s easy for our inspectors to check us off. Since their systems aren’t set up necessarily for someone our size, we need to figure out how to sort of fit into their box.”

Fine-Tuning What’s There

Oxheart’s dairy was launched in the spring of 2021. Demand for the whole milk and yogurt the farm markets through its CSA and via a few local retail outlets has been strong, creating a revenue stream that complements their 3-acre vegetable enterprise. Currently, cash flow is good enough that neither Cella or Emmet are working off the farm. That’s good news, but they are waiting to see if the current strong demand for local food will taper off once the COVID-19 pandemic is completely in the rearview mirror.

Meanwhile, the farmers will continue to monitor each of their enterprises to make sure they are tracking with their goals.

“We just want to spend the rest of our energy improving all of our farm enterprises and making them more financially viable, more efficient, and more ecologically sound,” says Langer. “Everything the same, but better.”

This article was originally published in the No. 1, 2022, Land Stewardship Letter.

Category: Farm Beginnings Profiles
Tags: Farm Beginnings • Holistic Management • journeyperson • micro dairy • MOSES • MOSES Mentorship

Give it a Listen

On episode 272 of the Land Stewardship Project’s Ear to the Ground podcast, Cella Langer talks about the key role mentors have played in launching their small dairy operation.

2022-2023 Farm Beginnings Class

LSP is now accepting applications for its 2022-2023 Farm Beginnings course. For details, click here.

Upcoming Events

×

August 2025

Friday August 8

4:00 pm – 8:00 pm
Roots & Rotation Grazing Field Day
Friday August 8
4:00 pm – 8:00 pm
Roots & Rotation Grazing Field Day
10470 190th St, Park Rapids, MN 56470, USA

Roots and Rotation is a summer field day series happening across Minnesota. These field days will discuss the use of livestock for soil health goals in different agricultural systems. 
 
Learn about the benefits of integrating livestock onto cropland and how to make it work on your operation. Hear from experienced farmers and Extension educators specializing in crops, livestock, and soil health. These events are for producers looking to elevate their cropland soil health and increase their forage resources. 

For more information and to register, see the Minnesota Grazing Lands Conservation Association website.

4:30 pm – 7:30 pm
Sunflower Social Farmer Gathering
Friday August 8
4:30 pm – 7:30 pm
Sunflower Social Farmer Gathering
22955 570th Ave, Austin, MN 55912, USA

Members of the Land Stewardship Project’s Austin Area Soil Health Hub are hosting a sunflower social on Tom and Kim Finnegan’s farm Friday, Aug. 8, from 4:30 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. This event will be open to all area farmers. Meet members of this peer-to-peer farmer group, see the beautiful sunflower fields, and learn about diversification.  

Farming should include a trusted network that ensures we are all successful. How could having a network of farmers that provide support, resources, and comradery impact your farm? 

On Aug. 8, gather with area farmers who are invested in soil health and sustainable practices, and are committed to learning from each other. Join us for an evening on the Finnegan farm for a hay ride around the sunflower fields and to learn more about their diversified farm. There will be a supper and lots of time to connect with farmers in the area.

RSVP here. 

Thursday August 14

6:00 pm – 8:00 pm
LSA-COPAL Ice Cream Social/Reunión de Helados!
Thursday August 14
6:00 pm – 8:00 pm
LSA-COPAL Ice Cream Social/Reunión de Helados!
Sauk River Park, 206 5th Ave NE, Melrose, MN 56352, USA

Land Stewardship Action (the Land Stewardship Project’s partner organization) and COPAL (Communities Organizing Latine Power and Action) invite you to an ice cream social at Sauk River Park in Melrose on Thursday, August 14. There will be sweet treats and opportunities to connect with those in your community, many of whom you might not know yet. This is a time to come together over our shared vision for a better future rooted in community, diversity, fairness, health, and democracy.

If you’re able, please register ahead of time through the link below so we can get an idea of numbers. Feel free to pass the invite on to others in the community as well — the more the merrier!

You can register here. 
 
For more information, contact Land Stewardship Action’s Emily Minge at eminge@landstewardshipproject.org.

Friday August 15

9:00 am – 4:00 pm
Managed Grazing & Soil Health Field Day: Rush City
Friday August 15
9:00 am – 4:00 pm
Managed Grazing & Soil Health Field Day: Rush City
10815 555th St, Rush City, MN 55069, USA

Join the Minnesota Soil Health Coalition at Jon Steven’s Maple Grove Farm for a field day focused on managed grazing and other methods to build the health of soils. Connect with other farmers and learn from the leaders in Minnesota on soil health. Featured speakers: Tom Cotter, Brady Wulf, Myron Sylling, and Joe Ailts. Free lunch by Maxwell’s Southern BBQ. Details are here.

Saturday August 16

12:00 pm – 4:00 pm
Soil Health Master Class: Morris
Saturday August 16
12:00 pm – 4:00 pm
Soil Health Master Class: Morris
Old No 1 Bar & Grill, 412 Atlantic Ave, Morris, MN 56267, USA

Details are here.

View Full Calendar

Recent Posts

  • Farmers Gather in Madison to Discuss ‘Bringing Small Grains Back to Minnesota’ August 6, 2025
  • Land Line: USDA Changes, Climate-Smart Ag, Dead Zone, Nitrate Pollution, Feedlot Regs, Soil Bacteria, the Power of Diverse Farming July 28, 2025
  • Social Sustainability: Fostering Farmer-Focused Communities  July 24, 2025
  • A Healthy Hub of Activity July 21, 2025
  •  Beginning Farmer Program for MN, WI & IA Accepting Applications for 2025-2026 Course July 16, 2025

Montevideo

111 North First Street
Montevideo, MN 56265

(320) 269-2105

Lewiston

180 E. Main Street
Lewiston, MN 55952

(507) 523-3366

Minneapolis

821 E. 35th Street #200
Minneapolis, MN 55407

(612) 722-6377

  • Privacy Policy

Copyright © 2025 Land Stewardship Project. All rights reserved.

https://landstewardshipproject.org/small-complex-focused